The City of Paris commissioned this innovative study to assess the discriminations faced by candidates when accessing apprenticeships, focusing on two criteria: sexual orientation and gender identity.

The research, led by economist Yannick L’Horty, tested 3,000 Parisian recruiters in 2025 using simple requests for information prior to submitting apprenticeship applications. The results were presented on September 29, 2025, to LGBTQIA+ organizations during the 5th meeting of the Paris Observatory against LGBTQIA+ Phobias.

The study is not revealing significant discriminations linked to sexual orientation, but it identifies 40% penalty associated with signals of gender transition. This result is comparable to those of the similar studies regarding the effects of the origins.

These findings will be widely shared and will guide future public policies in Paris.

Théorie et Évaluation des Politiques Publiques

City Profile: Paris